* [[https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanian_grammar#Dative_case|Dative case - Wikipedia]] * [[https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanian_grammar#Genitive_case|Genitive case - Wikipedia]] * [[https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanian_grammar#Reflexive_pronouns|Reflexive pronouns - Wikipedia]] Not strictly dative/genitive but worth putting here. ====== Dative Pronouns in the Present Tense ====== The best way to think about dative, is with the verb [[http://www.verbix.com/webverbix/go.php?T1=da&Submit=Go&D1=5&H1=105|a da]] (to give). First I gave (or the past participle) is **//dat//** secondly it's a nice regular verb often used in the dative. ===== a da (to give) ===== ^ Person ^ verb ^ |eu | d**au** | |tu | d**ai** | |el/ea | d**ă** | |noi | d**ăm** | |voi/dvs | d**ați** | |ei/ele | d**au** | > (eu) dau >> I give //dau// is always I give, whoever I am giving too. Similarly //dă// will always be he/she gives (whoever he/she is giving it too). ===== To whom ===== To define the recipient, one needs to refer to them (before saying who 'gives'), using the forms: ^ Person ^ ^ Short Form ^ |me | îmi | -mi | |you | îți | -ți | |him/her | îi | -i | |us | ne | | |you (p) | vă | | |them | le | | The short form is used in combination with the past or negation. The format is: '' '' > Îmi dau... >> I give myself... > Îți dau... >> I give you... > nu-ți dau... >> I don't give you... ===== Examples ===== Remember the grammar of the verb remains unchanged, only the pronouns are changing to denote the recipient. //Dau// is always I give, whoever I am giving too. Similarly //dă// will always be he/she gives (whoever he/she is giving it too). ==== El dă un cadou ==== He gives a present: * **Îmi** dă un cadou. * **Îți** dă un cadou. * **Îi** dă un cadou. * **Ne** dă un cadou. * **Vă** dă un cadou. * **Le** dă un cadou. ==== Tu dai un cadou ==== You give a present: * **Îmi** dai un cadou. * **Îți** dai un cadou. * **Îi** dai un cadou. * **Ne** dai un cadou. * **Vă** dai un cadou. * **Le** dai un cadou. ===== Other Verbs Common in the Dative ===== These are verbs which are commonly used in the dative. Often verbs for the dative are written with an additional **-i** rather than just **a**, e.g. //**a-i** fi// rather than just //**a** fi//. * [[http://www.verbix.com/webverbix/go.php?T1=da&Submit=Go&D1=5&H1=105|a da]] - to give. * [[http://www.verbix.com/webverbix/go.php?T1=spune&Submit=Go&D1=5&H1=105|a spune]] - to speak. * [[http://www.verbix.com/webverbix/go.php?T1=trimite&Submit=Go&D1=5&H1=105|a trimite]] - to send. * [[http://www.verbix.com/webverbix/go.php?T1=explica&Submit=Go&D1=5&H1=105|a explica]] - to explain. * [[http://www.verbix.com/webverbix/go.php?T1=cere&Submit=Go&D1=5&H1=105|a cere]] - to ask for. * [[http://www.verbix.com/webverbix/go.php?T1=promite&Submit=Go&D1=5&H1=105|a promite]] - to promise. * [[http://www.verbix.com/webverbix/go.php?T1=oferi&Submit=Go&D1=5&H1=105|a oferi]] - to offer (e.g. bani). * [[http://www.verbix.com/webverbix/go.php?T1=vinde&Submit=Go&D1=5&H1=105|a vinde]] - to sell ==== Examples ==== > Îți explic. >> I explain to you. > nu-ți vând ceasul. >> I don't sell you the watch. > ce-ți dau? >> What do I give you? > ce-î dai? >> what do you give him/her? > ce ne dai? >> What do you give us? A more advanced example: > Ea îi [[http://www.verbix.com/translate/en-ro/smile.html|zămbește]] lui. >> She smiles at him. ==== All Variations ==== === a da === * [[http://www.verbix.com/webverbix/go.php?T1=da&Submit=Go&D1=5&H1=105|a da]] - to give. Note: Initial "from" is optional and not normally used. ^ From ^ To ^^ ^ From ^^ ^ Giver ^ Who ^ Target ^ ^ Who ^ Verb ^ |eu | me | **Îmi** | ::: | me | d**au** | |tu | you | **Îți** | ::: | you | d**ai** | |el/ea | him/her | **Îi** | ::: | him/her | d**ă** | |noi | us/we | **Ne** | ::: | us/we | d**ăm** | |voi/dvs | you | **Vă** | ::: | you | d**ați** | |ei/ele | they/them | **Le** | ::: | they/them | d**au** | I give: * **Îmi** dau un cadou. * **Îți** dau un cadou. * **Îi** dau un cadou. * **Ne** dau un cadou. * **Vă** dau un cadou. * **Le** dau un cadou. You give: * **Îmi** dai un cadou. * **Îți** dai un cadou. * **Îi** dai un cadou. * **Ne** dai un cadou. * **Vă** dai un cadou. -- Logical fallacy. * **Le** dai un cadou. He/She gives: * **Îmi** dă un cadou. * **Îți** dă un cadou. * **Îi** dă un cadou. * **Ne** dă un cadou. * **Vă** dă un cadou. * **Le** dă un cadou. We give: * **Îmi** dăm un cadou. -- Logical fallacy. * **Îți** dăm un cadou. * **Îi** dăm un cadou. * **Ne** dăm un cadou. * **Vă** dăm un cadou. * **Le** dăm un cadou. You (polite/plural) give: * **Îmi** dați un cadou. * **Îți** dați un cadou. * **Îi** dați un cadou. * **Ne** dați un cadou. * **Vă** dați un cadou. * **Le** dați un cadou. They give: * **Îmi** dau un cadou. * **Îți** dau un cadou. * **Îi** dau un cadou. * **Ne** dau un cadou. * **Vă** dau un cadou. * **Le** dau un cadou. === a spune === * [[http://www.verbix.com/webverbix/go.php?T1=spune&Submit=Go&D1=5&H1=105|a spune]] - to speak. ^ From ^ To ^^ ^ From ^^ ^ Giver ^ Who ^ Target ^ ^ Who ^ Verb ^ |eu | me | **Îmi** | ::: | me | spun | |tu | you | **Îți** | ::: | you | spu**i** | |el/ea | him/her | **Îi** | ::: | him/her | spun**e** | |noi | us/we | **Ne** | ::: | us/we | spun**em** | |voi/dvs | you | **Vă** | ::: | you | spun**eți** | |ei/ele | they/them | **Le** | ::: | they/them | spun | === a trimite === * [[http://www.verbix.com/webverbix/go.php?T1=trimite&Submit=Go&D1=5&H1=105|a trimite]] - to send. ^ From ^ To ^^ ^ From ^^ ^ Giver ^ Who ^ Target ^ ^ Who ^ Verb ^ |eu | me | **Îmi** | ::: | me | trimit | |tu | you | **Îți** | ::: | you | trimi**ți** | |el/ea | him/her | **Îi** | ::: | him/her | trimit**e** | |noi | us/we | **Ne** | ::: | us/we | trimit**em** | |voi/dvs | you | **Vă** | ::: | you | trimit**eți** | |ei/ele | they/them | **Le** | ::: | they/them | trimit | === a explica === * [[http://www.verbix.com/webverbix/go.php?T1=explica&Submit=Go&D1=5&H1=105|a explica]] - to explain. ^ From ^ To ^^ ^ From ^^ ^ Giver ^ Who ^ Target ^ ^ Who ^ Verb ^ |eu | me | **Îmi** | ::: | me | explic**** | |tu | you | **Îți** | ::: | you | explic**i** | |el/ea | him/her | **Îi** | ::: | him/her | explic**ă** | |noi | us/we | **Ne** | ::: | us/we | explic**ăm** | |voi/dvs | you | **Vă** | ::: | you | explic**ați** | |ei/ele | they/them | **Le** | ::: | they/them | explic**ă** | === a cere === * [[http://www.verbix.com/webverbix/go.php?T1=cere&Submit=Go&D1=5&H1=105|a cere]] - to ask for. ^ From ^ To ^^ ^ From ^^ ^ Giver ^ Who ^ Target ^ ^ Who ^ Verb ^ |eu | me | **Îmi** | ::: | me | cer**** | |tu | you | **Îți** | ::: | you | cer**i** | |el/ea | him/her | **Îi** | ::: | him/her | cer**e** | |noi | us/we | **Ne** | ::: | us/we | cer**em** | |voi/dvs | you | **Vă** | ::: | you | cer**eți** | |ei/ele | they/them | **Le** | ::: | they/them | cer**** | === a promite === * [[http://www.verbix.com/webverbix/go.php?T1=promite&Submit=Go&D1=5&H1=105|a promite]] - to promise. ^ From ^ To ^^ ^ From ^^ ^ Giver ^ Who ^ Target ^ ^ Who ^ Verb ^ |eu | me | **Îmi** | ::: | me | promit**** | |tu | you | **Îți** | ::: | you | promi**ți** | |el/ea | him/her | **Îi** | ::: | him/her | promit**e** | |noi | us/we | **Ne** | ::: | us/we | promit**em** | |voi/dvs | you | **Vă** | ::: | you | promit**eți** | |ei/ele | they/them | **Le** | ::: | they/them | promit**** | === a oferi === * [[http://www.verbix.com/webverbix/go.php?T1=oferi&Submit=Go&D1=5&H1=105|a oferi]] - to offer (e.g. bani). ^ From ^ To ^^ ^ From ^^ ^ Giver ^ Who ^ Target ^ ^ Who ^ Verb ^ |eu | me | **Îmi** | ::: | me | ofer**** | |tu | you | **Îți** | ::: | you | ofer**i** | |el/ea | him/her | **Îi** | ::: | him/her | ofer**ă** | |noi | us/we | **Ne** | ::: | us/we | ofer**im** | |voi/dvs | you | **Vă** | ::: | you | ofer**iți** | |ei/ele | they/them | **Le** | ::: | they/them | ofer**ă** | === a vinde === * [[http://www.verbix.com/webverbix/go.php?T1=vinde&Submit=Go&D1=5&H1=105|a vinde]] - to sell ^ From ^ To ^^ ^ From ^^ ^ Giver ^ Who ^ Target ^ ^ Who ^ Verb ^ |eu | me | **Îmi** | ::: | me | v**â**nd**** | |tu | you | **Îți** | ::: | you | vin**zi** | |el/ea | him/her | **Îi** | ::: | him/her | vind**e** | |noi | us/we | **Ne** | ::: | us/we | vind**em** | |voi/dvs | you | **Vă** | ::: | you | vind**eți** | |ei/ele | they/them | **Le** | ::: | they/them | v**â**nd**** | ====== Dative in the Past ====== In the past, we use the past form of the verb. And the short forms of the recipient. Remember for the [[simple_past|past]] we use the ^ Recipient ^ Short Form ^ ^ Auxiliary verb (Giver) ^ Verb ^ En ^ | Eu | mi | + | am | dat | I | | Tu | ți | ::: | ai | dat | You | | El/Ea | î | ::: | a | dat | Him/Her | | Noi | ne | ::: | am | dat | Us | | Voi/Dvs | vă | ::: | ați | dat | You (pl)| | Ei/Ele | le | ::: | au | dat | Them | The short form is used in combination with the past or negation. The format is: > le-au dat... >> they gave to them... > ți-am dat... inima mea >> I gave you... my heart ====== Genitive ====== The [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genitive_case| Genitive case]] (Wikipedia) //marks a noun as modifying another noun. It often marks a noun as being the possessor of another noun//. In english this is all that irritating apostrophe stuff "David's fish". Also see: * [[http://www.romanianlessons.com/Lesson10.htm|Lesson 10: Possessive - romanianlessons.com]] ===== Masculin ===== //The masculine dative/genetive suffix is added to the singular definite form of any masculine or neuter word in the singular.// Singular: + **ui** Plural: + **lor** > Băiat, băi**eți** >> Boy, boys > Băiat**ul**, băieți**i** >> The boy, The boys > Casa bâiatul**ui** >> The boy's house (s) > Casa băieții**lor** >> The boys' house (p) ===== Feminin ===== //The feminine suffix is added to the plural indefinite of feminine words.// Singular: + **ei** Plural: + **lor** > Fată, fete >> Girl, girls > Fat**a**, fete**le** >> The girl, the girls > Casa fet**ei** >> The girl's house (s) > Casa fete**lor** >> The girls' house (p) ===== Examples ===== See the forms of [[http://dictionare.com/phpdic/nouns.php?field0=student|student]] > Studenta are bani. >> The student (f) has money. > Banii studentei. >> The student's (f) money. > Studentele au bani. >> The students (f) have money. > Banii Studentiei. >> The students' (f) money.